Sunday, May 29, 2011

Nottingham





Nottingham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the City of Nottingham in England. For the county, see Nottinghamshire. For The University of Nottingham, see The University of Nottingham. For other uses, see Nottingham (disambiguation).

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City of Nottingham
  City & Unitary Authority area 

From top left: Robin Hood, Council House, NET Tram, (middle) Trent Bridge, the Castle Gate House, Wollaton Hall, Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem and Nottingham Forest City Ground

Coat of arms of Nottingham City Council
Nickname(s): Queen of the Midlands, The Lace City
Motto: Vivit Post Funera Virtus (Virtue Outlives Death)[1]

Nottingham shown within England
Coordinates: 52°57N 1°08WCoordinates: 52°57N 1°08W
Sovereign state         United Kingdom
Constituent country England
Region            East Midlands
Ceremonial county   Nottinghamshire
Admin HQ      Nottingham Council House
Settled           600
City Status     1897
Government
 - Type            Unitary authority, City
 - Governing body     Nottingham City Council
 - Council Leader       Coun. Jon Collins (Lab)
 - Executive    Labour
 - MPs Chris Leslie (Lab)
Graham Allen (Lab)
Lilian Greenwood (Lab)
 - Lord Mayor Coun. Brian Grocock
Area
 - City & Unitary Authority area      28.8 sq mi (74.61 km2)
Elevation[2]   200 ft (61 m)
Population (2008 est.)
 - City & Unitary Authority area      292,400
 - Density       9,673.6/sq mi (3,735/km2)
 - Urban          666,358(LUZ:825,600)
 - Ethnicity
(2005 Estimate)[3]   81.6% White (76.5% White British)
7.7% S. Asian
4.7% Black British
3.2% Mixed Race
2.8% Chinese and other
Time zone      Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
 - Summer (DST)        British Summer Time (UTC+1)
Postal Code   NG
Area code(s)  0115
Twin Cities
 -  — Ghent    Belgium (since 1985)
 -  — Harare   Zimbabwe (since 1981)
 -  — Karlsruhe          Germany (since 1969)
 -  — Ljubljana            Slovenia (since 1963)
 -  — Minsk    Belarus (since 1966)
 -  — Ningbo   China (since 2005)
 -  — Timişoara          Romania (since 2008)
Grid Ref.        SK570400
ONS code       00FY
ISO 3166-2    GB-NGM
NUTS 3           UKF14
Website         www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/
Nottingham (i /ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ not-ing-əm) is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands region of the United Kingdom. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, and is one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group. Whilst the City of Nottingham has a historically tightly drawn boundary which accounts for its relatively small population of 288,700, the wider Nottingham Urban Area has a population of 667,000 and is the seventh-largest urban area in the United Kingdom, ranking between those of Liverpool and Sheffield.[4] Eurostat's Larger Urban Zone listed the areas population at 825,600 as of 2004. Nottingham is famed for its links with the Robin Hood legend and, during the Industrial Revolution, obtained worldwide recognition for its lace-making and bicycle industries. It was granted its city charter as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria in 1897 and has since been officially titled the City of Nottingham.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Government
2.1 Nottingham City Council
2.2 UK Parliament
2.3 European Parliament
3 Geography
3.1 Within the city
3.2 Around the city
3.3 Climate
4 Architecture
4.1 West of the centre
4.2 South of the centre
4.3 East of the centre
4.4 Lace Market
4.5 Pubs
5 Education
5.1 Secondary education
5.2 Further education
5.3 Higher education
6 Economy
6.1 Shopping
7 Culture
7.1 Theatres
7.2 Galleries and museums
7.3 Cinemas
7.4 Music
7.5 Arts and Crafts
7.6 Food
7.7 Tourism
7.8 Entertainment
7.9 Miscellaneous
8 Sport
8.1 Football
8.2 Ice hockey
8.3 National Watersports Centre
8.4 Cricket
8.5 Rugby Union
8.6 Other sports
9 Transport
10 Crime
11 Religion
12 Media
12.1 Television
12.2 Radio
12.2.1 BBC Radio Nottingham
12.2.2 Gold
12.2.3 Gem 106
12.2.4 Smooth
12.2.5 Capital FM
12.2.6 Student Radio
12.3 Newspapers and magazines
12.4 Alternative media
12.5 Film
13 Twin cities
14 Notable people
14.1 List of Mayors and Lord Mayors
14.2 The Sheriff of Nottingham
15 See also
16 References
17 External links
[edit]History

See also: History of Nottingham
In Anglo-Saxon times, around 600 AD[citation needed] the site formed part of the Kingdom of Mercia and was known in the Brythonic language as Tigguo Cobauc, meaning Place of Caves. In Welsh it is known poetically as Y Ty Ogofog, "The Cavey Dwelling".[5] When it fell under the rule of a Saxon chieftain named Snot[6] it became known as "Snotingaham"; the homestead of Snot's people (Inga = the people of; Ham = homestead). Snot brought together his people in an area now known as the Lace Market.
Nottingham was captured in 867 by Danish Vikings[citation needed] and later became one of the Five Burghs – or fortified towns – of The Danelaw.
In the 11th century Nottingham Castle was constructed on a sandstone outcrop by the River Leen. The Anglo-Saxon settlement developed into the English Borough of Nottingham and housed a Town Hall and Law Courts. A settlement also developed around the castle on the hill opposite and was the French borough supporting the Normans in the castle. Eventually, the space between was built on as the town grew and the Old Market Square became the focus of Nottingham several centuries later. On the return of Richard Coeur de Lion from the Crusades, the castle stood out in Prince John's favour. So, it was besieged by Richard, and after a sharp conflict, captured.[7]
By the 15th century, Nottingham had established itself as the centre of a thriving export trade in religious sculpture made from alabaster[8] The town became a county corporate in 1449[9] giving it effective self-government, in the words of the charter, "for eternity". The Castle and Shire Hall were expressly excluded and technically remained as detached Parishes of Nottinghamshire.


The Adams Building in the Lace Market – a former lace warehouse
During the Industrial Revolution, much of Nottingham's prosperity was founded on the textile industry; in particular, Nottingham was an internationally important centre of lace manufacture. However, the rapid and poorly planned growth left Nottingham with the reputation of having the worst slums in the British Empire outside India.[citation needed] Residents of these slums rioted in 1831, in protest against the Duke of Newcastle's opposition to the Reform Act 1832, setting fire to his residence, Nottingham Castle.
In common with the UK textile industry as a whole, Nottingham's textile sector fell into headlong decline in the decades following World War II, as British manufacturers proved unable to compete on price or volume with the output of factories in the Far East and South Asia.[citation needed] Very little textile manufacture now takes place in Nottingham, but the city's heyday in this sector endowed it with some fine industrial buildings in the Lace Market district. Many of these have been restored and put to new uses.
Nottingham was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and at that time consisted of the parishes of Nottingham St Mary, Nottingham St Nicholas and Nottingham St Peter. It was expanded in 1877 by adding the parishes of Basford, Brewhouse Yard, Bulwell, Radford, Sneinton, Standard Hill and parts of the parishes of West Bridgford, Carlton, Wilford (North Wilford). In 1889 Nottingham became a county borough under the Local Government Act 1888. City status was awarded as part of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria, being signified in a letter from the Prime Minister the Marquess of Salisbury to the Mayor, dated 18 June 1897. Nottingham was extended in 1933 by adding Bilborough and Wollaton, parts of the parishes of Bestwood Park and Colwick, and a recently developed part of the Beeston Urban District. A further boundary extension was granted in 1951 when Clifton and Wilford (south of the River Trent) were incorporated into the city.[10][11]
Demographic evolution of Nottingham
Year    Population
4th century    <37
10th century <1,000
11th century 1,500
14th century 3,000
Early 17th century    4,000
Year    Population
Late 17th century     5,000
1801   29,000
1811   34,000
1821   40,000
1831   51,000
Year    Population
1841   53,000
1851   58,000
1861   76,000
1871   87,000
1881   159,000
Year    Population
1901   240,000
1911   260,000
1921   269,000
1931   265,000
1951   306,000
Year    Population
1961   312,000
1971   301,000
1981   278,000
1991   273,000
2001   275,000
Electric trams revolutionised public transport in Nottingham on their inception in 1901; they would serve the city for 35 years until the bus network was expanded in 1936. The city's road network was improved drastically between 1922 and 1932 when a new dual carriageway was built. Housing conditions also began to improve the city's poorer residents at this time, when the first council houses were built on new suburban estates to rehouse families from slum clearances. Mass private house building also took place, with the process continuing to boom until some 30 years after World War II ended in 1945.
Trams made their comeback in Nottingham after 68 years when a new tram network was opened in 2004.[12]
To the sporting world, Nottingham's biggest claim to fame was undoubtedly being home to the world's oldest professional club, Notts County, who were formed in 1862. However, Notts County's subsequent history has proven to be a relatively low profile one, and in 1975 a significant event occurred which would change the sporting image of Nottingham forever.
Brian Clough, who had managed nearby Derby County to Football League First Division title glory in 1972, was appointed manager of Nottingham Forest, then struggling in the Football League Second Division, in January 1975. Forest reached the First Division in 1977 and incredibly won the First Division title a year later - only the third English club in history to win a top division league title a year after promotion. They were also Football League Cup winners that year and would retain that trophy a year later. They also won the European Cup in 1979 and retained it a year later, adding two more Football League Cups to their honours list before Clough finally retired as Forest were relegated in 1993.[13] Nottingham Forest consistently fielded international class players during Clough's management; the most high profile being Trevor Francis, who joined the club in February 1979 from Birmingham City as Britain's first £1million footballer.[14] However, the club has declined since Clough's retirement, having only played a total of four seasons in the top flight since his retirement, the most recent ending in 1999.[15]
[edit]Government

Nottingham is represented by three tiers of elected government, Nottingham City Council ("local"), UK Parliament ("national"), and European Parliament ("Europe"). The city also has a Lord Mayor; though now simply a ceremonial position, in the past the office carried considerable authority, with executive powers over the finances and affairs of the city council. As of 2010, the Lord Mayor of Nottingham is Coun. Brian Grocock. The city is the seat of regional government bodies the East Midlands Development Agency (including the functions of the now defunct East Midlands Regional Assembly) and Government Office East Midlands.
Emergency services are provided by Nottinghamshire Police, Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service and East Midlands Ambulance Service.

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