Flora and fauna
Main articles: Flora of Bihar and Fauna of Bihar
See also: Protected areas of Bihar
Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km², which is 7.1% of its geographical area.[6] The sub Himalayan foothill of Someshwar and the Dun ranges in the Champaran district are another belt of moist deciduous forests. These also consist of scrub, grass and reeds. Here the rainfall is above 1,600 mm and thus promotes luxuriant Sal forests in the area. The most important trees are Shorea Robusta, Sal Cedrela Toona, Khair, and Semal. Deciduous forests also occur in the Saharsa and Purniadistricts.[58] Shorea Robusta (sal), Diospyros melanoxylon (kendu), Boswellia serrata (salai), Terminalia tomentose (Asan), Terminalia bellayoica (Bahera), Terminalia Arjuna (Arjun), Pterocarpus Marsupium (Paisar),Madhuca indica (Mahua) are the common flora across the forest of Bihar.
The Ganges River dolphins, or "sois" are found in the Gangesand Brahmaputra.This river dolphin is the national aquatic animal of India. It is now considered amongst the most endangeredmammals of the region. The dolphins range from 2.3 to 2.6 meters in length. They have impaired vision due to the muddy river water but use sonar signals to navigate.Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary ,near Bhagalpur is set up to ensure the protection of this species.
Valmiki National Park, West Champaran district, covering about 800 km² of forest, is the 18th Tiger Reserve of India and is ranked fourth in terms of density of tiger population.[59] It has a diverse landscape, sheltering rich wildlife habitats and floral and faunal composition, along with the prime protected carnivores.
[edit]Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Bihar
See also: Bihari people
| [show]Population growth |
|---|
Bihar is the third most populated state of India with total population of 82,998,509 (43,243,795 male and 39,754,714 female).[61][62] Nearly 85% of Bihar's population lives in rural areas. Almost 58% of Biharis are below 25 years age, which is the highest in India. Density is 881. Sex Ratio is 919 females per 1000 males. Since ancient times, Bihar has attracted migrants and settlers including Bengalis, Turks from Central Asia, Persians, Afghans and Punjabi Hindu refugees during the Partition of British India in 1947.[63] Bihar has a total literacy rate of 63.82% (75.7% for males 55.1% for females).[64]
| City | District | Population | City | District | Population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Patna | Patna | 1,866,444 |  Patna  Muzzafarpur | 8 | Munger | Munger | 188,050 | ||
| 2 | Gaya | Gaya | 385,432 | 9 | Chapra | Saran | 179,190 | |||
| 3 | Bhagalpur | Bhagalpur | 340,767 | 10 | Katihar | Katihar | 175,199 | |||
| 4 | Muzaffarpur | Muzaffarpur | 305,525 | 11 | Purnia | Purnia | 171,687 | |||
| 5 | Darbhanga | Darbhanga | 267,348 | 12 | Danapur | Patna | 131,176 | |||
| 6 | Biharsarif | Nalanda | 232,071 | 13 | Sasaram | Rohtas | 141,176 | |||
| 7 | Arrah | Bhojpur | 203,380 | 14 | Dehri | Rohtas | 119,007 | |||
| Source: Census of India 2001[65] | ||||||||||
[edit]Government and administration
Main articles: Government of Bihar and Administration in Bihar
See also: Divisions of Bihar and Districts of Bihar
| Bihar State Symbols [66] | ||
| State bird |  | India roller |
| State animal |  | Gaur |
| State flower |  | Kanchnar |
| State tree |  | Peepal |
The constitutional head of the Government of Bihar is the Governor, who is appointed by the President of India. The real executive power rests with the Chief Minister and the cabinet. The political party or the coalition of political parties having a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the Government.
The head of the bureaucracy of the State is the Chief Secretary. Under this position, is a hierarchy of officials drawn from the Indian Administrative Service,Indian Police Service, and different wings of the State Civil Services. The judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice. Bihar has a High Court which has been functioning since 1916. All the branches of the government are located in the state capital, Patna.
The state is divided into 09 divisions and 38 districts, for administrative purposes. The various districts included in the divisions - Patna,Tirhut, Saran, Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, Munger and Magadh Division, are as listed below.
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