Demographics
| [show]Hyderabad Population |
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The city's population in 2001 was 3.6 million and it has reached over 4.0 million[26] by 2009 making it among the most populated cities in India, while the population of the metropolitan area was estimated above 6.3 million.[27] Hyderabad is a metropolitan city, whose residents are adherents to a wide range of religions, predominentally Hinduism (55.40%), Islam(40.17%) but also others including Christianity (2.13%), and Sikhism (0.2%) and Jainism(0.4%).[28] There are many iconic temples, mosques, and churches situated in the city.(see also: Hyderabadi Muslims).[29] Muslims have substantial presence across the city and are predominant in and around Old City. Telugu and Urdu are the languages mostly spoken in the city, while English is also widely spoken. Hindi, Marathi, Kannada and Tamil are also spoken. Urdu spoken here has influences of Turkish, Persian and Hindi, giving rise to a dialect sometimes called Hyderabadi Urdu or Deccani. The official language, Telugu, varies a little across the state but the core language remains the same.[30]
[edit]Administration
Main articles: Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation and Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority
The city is administered by Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) which came into existence in 2007 after merging 12 municipalities with the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH).[31] The titular head of GHMC is the Mayor of Hyderabad who has few executive powers. In the past, the mayor was earlier chosen by the legislative body of the municipal corporations. The state government modified the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955, to stipulate that the mayoral election be held directly and simultaneously with the corporation elections. The real executive power of the corporation is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officerappointed by the Andhra Pradesh state government.
The GHMC is in charge of the civic needs and the infrastructure of the city. Hyderabad is divided into 150 municipal wards, each overseen by a corporator. The corporators of the administration are elected through popular vote, and almost all the political parties field candidates. The twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad are spread over three districts,Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Medak. The District collectors also oversees the elections held in the city.[32]
Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA), is the urban planning agency of Hyderabad, India. It was formed in 2008 by expanding the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority. It contains the entire area of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation and its suburbs. The enlarged jurisdiction of HUDA now extends to 54 Mandals located in five districts with a total area of nearly 6300 km².
Hyderabad voters send 24 members to the Legislative Assembly, whose constituencies come under 5 Lok Sabha segments. The new Assembly segments and their respective parliamentary constituencies(PC) are: Malkajgiri, Kukatpally, Uppal, Lal Bahadur Nagar (LB Nagar), Secunderabad Cantonment, Quthbullapur under Malkajgiri PC; Musheerabad, Amberpet, Khairatabad, Jubilee Hills, Sanathnagar, Nampally, Secunderabad under Secunderabad PC; Malakpet, Karwan, Goshamahal, Yakutpura, Charminar, Chandrayanagutta, Bahadurpura under Hyderabad PC; Maheswaram, Rajendranagar, Serilingampally under Chevella PC and Patancheru under Medak PC.
The city is divided by the state police into Hyderabad Police and Cyberabad Police which come under the state Home Ministry and are headed by Police Commissioners, who are IPSofficers. Basheerbagh houses important government offices such as the Police Commissioner's office, Police Control room, Income tax Commissioner's office, Central Excise and customs office, Central Reservation office etc. The city is divided into five police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Hyderabad and Cyberabad commissionerates.[33]
Hyderabad is the seat of the Andhra Pradesh High Court, and also has two lower courts – the City Civil Court for civil matters and the Metropolitan Criminal Court for criminal cases. The High Court and Legislature are heritage buildings built by Nizam.
[edit]Economy
Main page: Industries in Hyderabad, India
See also: Companies based in Hyderabad, India
Hyderabad is the financial, economic and political capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The city is the largest contributor to the state's Gross Domestic Product, state tax and excise revenues. The nominal gross domestic product of Hyderabad metro was estimated at $15 billion in 2010. Hyderabad ranks 93rd (as of 2008) in the List of richest cities in the world by GDP (PPP) with US$60 billion and sixth in India. In terms of GDP per capita (PPP), Hyderabad ranks 4th in India with US$6,428 and a workforce participation of 29.55%[citation needed]. Hyderabad is ranked as the 2nd best Indian city for doing business in the Doing Business 2011 Reportpublished by the World Bank Group.[34]
Starting in the 1990s, the economic pattern of the city has changed from being a primarily service city to being one with a more diversified spectrum, including trade, transport, commerce, storage, communication etc. Service industry is the major contributor, with urban workforce constituting 90% of the total workforce.[35]
Hyderabad is known as the city of pearls, lakes. The bangles market known as Laad Bazaaris situated near Charminar. Products such as silverware, saris, Nirmal and Kalamkari paintings and artifacts, unique Bidri handcrafteditems, lacquer bangles studded with stones,silk ware, cotton ware and handloom-based clothing materials are made and traded through the city for centuries.
Hyderabad is a major center for Pharma & Biotech with companies such as USP, Novartis,[36] Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Agilent, Biological E limited, Shantha Biotechnics, Sanofipasteur, Bharath Biotech, GVK BIO, Matrix Laboratories, Krebs biochemicals, Magene Lifesciences, AstraZeneca, Hetero Drugs Limited, Divis Labs, Aurobindo Pharma Limited, Quintiles, Ocimum Biosolutions, Lee Pharma, MAKRO, Gene-Tech, Vimta Labs etc. being housed in the city. Initiatives such as Genome Valley, Fab City and the Nano Technology park are expected to create extensive infrastructure in bio-technology.[37]
Like many Indian cities, Hyderabad has witnessed a high growth in the real estatebusiness,[38] thanks to an information-technology-driven boom in the 1990s[39] and the retail industry growth over the last few years which have spurred hectic commercial activity. A number of mega malls have come up or are being built in the city.[40] Real estate demand in the suburban and rural areas surrounding Hyderabad has gone up exponentially leading to a rapid increase in prices over the past few years.[41] The Confederation of Real Estate Developers’ Association of India (CREDAI) is quite optimistic about the coming times. Leveraging on the trend, many property developers like Godrej Properties , PBEL, Janapriya Properties, Ramky Estates and more have set up base in the city leading to a rapid increase in prices over the past few years.[42] Jubilee Hills, Banjara Hills, Begumpet and Himayath Nagar areas are considered the posh residential areas of Hyderabad.
The retail industry in Hyderabad is on the rise. Many international and national brands have set up retail chains here. The city has multiple Central Business Districts (CBDs) spread across the city. There are many major business/commercial districts from the older Charminar area to newer Kothaguda. For the advancement of infrastructure in the city, the government is building a skyscraper business district at Manchirevula, near Rajendranagar with a 450 m supertall structure APIIC Tower at its centre. Also, the Lanco Hills near Gachibowli presents the tallest structure in India for residential and commercial purposes.
construction company SVSS Constructions - Satyanarayan Bacha.
The largest employers in Hyderabad are the Andhra Pradesh Government and the Government of India with 113,098[43] and 85,155[44] employees respectively.
[edit]Information technology industry
See also: Software industry in Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad has established itself as the leading destination for IT and IT-enabled services, BPO and entertainment industries. Many computer software companies, software consulting firms, business process outsourcing (BPO) firms, dealing with IT and other technological services firms have established their offices and facilities in the city since the 1990s.
The development of a township with related technological infrastructure called HITEC Cityprompted several IT and ITES companies to set up operations in the city. An aggressive promotion of growth in this area has led civic boosters to call the city Cyberabad.[45] There have been extensive investments in digital infrastructure within the city promoting the setting up of several campuses by a vast array of companies within the city. This list includes several multinational corporations having established their development centres in the city. Major areas where such campuses have been set up are Madhapur, Kondapur, Gachibowli and Uppal. Microsoft (with its largest R&D campus outside the US), Oracle Corporation etc. have set up operations in Hyderabad. For a more comprehensive list of IT companies in Hyderabad, refer to Software industry in Andhra Pradesh. TCS Deccan park is one of the active branches of TCS in hyderabad. The 20th International World Wide Web Conference took place in Hyderabad.
[edit]Education and research
Main article: Education in Hyderabad, India
Schools in Hyderabad are affiliated to either CBSE, SSLC or ICSE. Schools are run by either state government, local governing bodies, private individuals, missionaries or other agencies. Children in Hyderabad schools have to study for ten years in schools, followed by two years in junior college before becoming eligible to enroll for graduation programme in a college. In schools the medium of instruction is either English, Telugu or Urdu
The University of Hyderabad was recently ranked first in Indian subcontinent in the R&D arena.[46] In addition to various colleges, the city is home to three central universities, two deemed universities, and six state universities. Colleges in Hyderabad are generally affiliated to Osmania University. Osmania University, established in 1917, is the seventh oldest university in India and the third oldest in South India.[47]
Indian School of Business an international business school ranked number 12 in global MBA rankings by the Financial Times of London in 2010[48] established by a group ofFortune 500 CEOs in collaboration with AP Government is also located in Hyderabad.Institute of Public Enterprise is a premier Business School at Hyderabad and is recognized as a "Centre of Excellence" by the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, New Delhi for doctoral studies. IPE ranks among 'Top Government -Aided B-Schools' by "Center for Forecasting published in Wall Street Journal 2009" and it ranked 23rd overall India by CSR-GHRDC B-School Survey 2009.
Colleges in Hyderabad offer graduation, post graduation and doctoral programmes in science, arts, engineering, commerce, law & medicine,fashion. College of Engineering –Osmania University, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Indian Institute of Technology, etc. are some of the famous engineering schools in Hyderabad. In addition to engineering colleges, premier international College known as Raffles Millennium International Hyderabad offers advance diploma, degree courses in the field of fashion, interior design, Jewellery design, visual communications and multimedia design.Gandhi Medical College and Osmania Medical Collegeare the centres of medical education in Hyderabad. Admissions to professional colleges in Hyderbad is through EAMCET.Colleges and universities in Hyderabad are run by either by state government, central government or private individuals or agencies.
University of Hyderabad,NALSAR, NIPER, Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, English and Foreign Languages University, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, are some of the other universities located in Hyderabad.[49]
[edit]Research institutions
Hyderabad is home to various CSIR and other public sector research institutes such as Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT),Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics CDFD, National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI), National Institute of Nutrition(NIN), Indian Immunologicals Limited(IIL),Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases (IGHGD), Center For Food Technological Research Institute(CFTRI),Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic plants,(CIMAP), National Mineral Development Corpation(NMDC), IRISET for railway signal engineering and ICRISAT. Further, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) labs like ANURAG, DMRL, DRDL and DERL are facilitated with research centres in Hyderabad to develop communication and radar systems and for the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Nuclear energy sector has a large presence with three organisations under Department of Atomic Energy (India) including the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) and Electronics Corporation of India Limited(ECIL).[50]
Hyderabad hosted the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM),[51] in August 2010. More than 2500 Mathematicians from all over the world had participated in this conference.Hyderabad is also hosting the International World Wide Web (WWW) conference in the first-half of 2011.
[edit]Transport
Main article: Transport in Hyderabad, India
[edit]Roads
Hyderabad is connected to the rest of the country by National Highways—NH-7, NH-9 and NH-202. Hyderabad is also well connected to the remaining parts of the state. Like other cities, Hyderabad suffers from traffic congestion. Completion of the Inner Ring Road and construction of the Outer Ring Road encircling Hyderabad city is also underway and is touted to make travel in the city easier. Many flyovers and underpasses are also being constructed to ease traffic congestion in the city.[50] The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation[53] runs a fleet of 19,000 buses, the largest in the world.[52] Hyderabad has the third largest bus station facility in Asia, with 72 platforms for 89 buses to load passengers at a time. Officially named as theMahatma Gandhi Bus Station, it is locally known as the Imlibun Bus Station, Jubilee Bus Station at Secunderabad runs buses to various parts of the state and to some parts of South India.
[edit]Local transport
The yellow colored Auto Rickshaw usually referred to as an auto, is the most widely used transport service and has flag down minimum fare of Rs 14 for first 1.5 km and then Rs 7 per km. Radio Taxis and cabs by private players have provided an easy travel in the city.[50]
[edit]Rail
Railways were first introduced in the city in the year 1869 with the commencement ofSecunderabad–Wadi line of Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway. Secunderabad Railway Stationis the headquarters of the South Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways and is the largest railway station serving Hyderabad. The other major railway stations serving the city areHyderabad Deccan Station (Nampally), Kachiguda Railway Station and Begumpet Railway Station. These stations provide connectivity within the city and the rest of the country.
[edit]Local trains
Hyderabad has a light rail transportation system known as the MultiModal Transport System(MMTS) which runs local services providing connectivity mainly to the IT corridor and Secunderabad. MMTS Phase 2 is expected to complete by 2012. The SCR plans to incorporate more rakes.
Hyderabad Metro, the proposed rapid transit for the city is executed by L&T, and is expected to operate 4 lines by 2014.
[edit]Air
The international air port at Shamshabad, is a major airport in India and has made its way into the top five airports of the world list by ACI.[54]
There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of passengers leading to increased air traffic[55][56] The Airport at Begumpet was unable to cope up with the situation and was shut down on 2008-03-22.[57] The new Rajiv Gandhi International Airport was opened in March 2008 by Sonia Gandhi at Shamshabad, southwest of the city[58] The airport has the longest runway in India[59] and caters to the high passenger and cargo volumes it experiences. It is a hub for Jet Lite, SpiceJet and IndiGo. On 16 February 2010, Hyderabad International Airport was ranked fifth Best Airports Globally by Airports Council International. The airport has been named as the number one airport in 5–15 million passenger category by the Airport Council International in a worldwide conducted survey. 29 October 2009, GMR Hyderabad International Airport Limited (GHIAL), has bagged the Center for Asia Pacific Aviation’s (CAPA) newly instituted award in the category, “Best Airport Environmental Performance of the Year”. Hyderabad international airport has been named amongst the world's top five in the annual Airport Service Quality (ASQ) passenger survey along with the ones at Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong and Beijing. The airport is the largest in terms of area and will provide world-class facilities among all airports in India. It is said to There are flights to many destinations, both domestic and international from this airport.[60]
The PV Narasimha Rao Expressway was constructed at an elevated level from Mehdipatnam to Rajendranagar along with an underpassand trumpet interchange for providing dedicated high speed travel to the airport. It is the longest flyover in India.[61] There are three wide roads leading to the new airport from the city and modern taxis and buses can shuttle passengers between the city and the airport. TheNehru Outer Ring Road serves as an expressway between Gachibowli and Shamshabad. The other airports located here are Dundigul Air Force Academy, Nadirgul Airport and Hakimpet Airport.
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