Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, pronounced [məharaːʂʈrə] (
listen)) is astate located in India. The word Maharashtra is derived from the Sanskrit wordsMaha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation, thus rendering the nameMaharashtra (Great Nation). It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh andthird largest state by area in India. It is the richest state in India, contributing to 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.2% of its GDP in 2005-06.[5][6][7][8]
listen)) is astate located in India. The word Maharashtra is derived from the Sanskrit wordsMaha meaning Great and Rashtra meaning Nation, thus rendering the nameMaharashtra (Great Nation). It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh andthird largest state by area in India. It is the richest state in India, contributing to 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.2% of its GDP in 2005-06.[5][6][7][8]Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of 307,731 km2(118,816 sq mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest city and the financial capital of the nation. Marathiis the language of Maharashtra.
In the 17th century, the Marathas rose under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivajiagainst the Mughals who were ruling a large part of India. By 1760, Maratha power had reached its zenith with a territory of over 250 million acres (1 million km²) or one-third of the Indian sub-continent. After the third Anglo-Maratha war, the empire ended and most of Maharashtra became part of Bombay state under a British Raj. After Indian independence, Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti demanded unification of all Marathi speaking regions under one state. At that time Bharat Ratna Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was of opinion that linguistic reorganizaion of states should be done with - "One state - One language" principle and not with "One language - One state" principle. He submitted a memorandum to the reorganization commission stating that, " Single Government can not administer such a huge state as United Maharashtra".[9] The first state reorganization committee created the current Maharashtra state on 1 May 1960 (known as Maharashtra Day). The Marathi-speaking areas of Bombay state, Deccan states and Vidarbha (which was part ofCentral Provinces and Berar) united, under the agreement known as Nagpur Pact, to
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